Northern Europe

Regional Reviewer: Bernard Enjolras
Institutional Affiliation: Institute for Social Research, Oslo

Overview

From 2021 to 2023, the philanthropic environment in the Nordic region remained largely positive, with a stable legal framework supporting the ease of operation for philanthropic organizations (POs) across Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. All three countries maintained minimal governmental interference in the operations of POs, ensuring a favorable climate for their formation and dissolution. However, tax incentives presented a mixed picture. Denmark and Sweden introduced positive changes, enhancing tax incentives for charitable giving, while Finland remained more restrictive, offering limited tax deductions primarily for donations to science and arts.

Cross-border philanthropic flows showed a mix of trends. Finland remained open with no significant barriers, while Denmark and Sweden imposed restrictions on cross-border tax deductions, especially for donations outside the EU. Politically, Denmark saw stability and continued government support for POs, while Finland and Sweden faced uncertainty due to shifts in government priorities, particularly around welfare and international development partnerships.

The economic environment stayed favorable, with stable economies supporting philanthropic activities. However, inflation and energy costs introduced some economic insecurity, particularly in Denmark. Socio-culturally, the region saw growing civic engagement and charitable donations, particularly in response to crises such as the war in Ukraine. However, Finland showed a decline in traditional association participation. The period also marked increasing attention to climate change, with philanthropy focusing on climate mitigation, though funding gaps for adaptation persisted across the region.

View the full 2025 GPEI Northern Europe regional report:

View Northern Europe Report